Munthawi yachikhalidwe iyi yotumizira, malo otsekereza, kukwera kwamitengo, komanso nyengo yolimba yapanthawiyo akhala mawu ofunika pamsika.Deta yotulutsidwa ndi Shanghai Shipping Exchange ikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi 2024 mpaka pano, mitengo yonyamula kuchokera ku Shanghai Port kupita kumsika woyambira kudoko ku South America yakwera ndi 95.88%, komanso katundu wochokera ku Shanghai Port kupita kudoko loyambira. msika ku Europe chawonjezeka ndi 43.88%.
Odziwa zamakampani akuwunika kuti zinthu monga kukwera kwa msika ku Europe ndi United States komanso mikangano yomwe yatenga nthawi yayitali pa Nyanja Yofiira ndizifukwa zazikulu zakukwera kwamitengo yonyamula katundu.Ikafika nyengo yanthawi zonse yotumizira zinthu zambiri, mitengo yotumizira zinthu zonyamula katundu ingapitirire kukwera mtsogolo.
Ndalama zotumizira ku Europe zidakwera ndi 20% pa sabata
Kuyambira kuchiyambi kwa Epulo 2024, Shanghai Export Container Comprehensive Freight Index yotulutsidwa ndi Shanghai Shipping Exchange yapitilira kukwera.Deta yomwe inatulutsidwa pa May 10 inasonyeza kuti chiwerengero cha katundu wa katundu wa Shanghai wa katundu wa katundu wa Shanghai chinali 2305,79 mfundo, kuwonjezeka kwa 18,8% kuyambira sabata yapitayi, kuwonjezeka kwa 33,21% kuchokera ku 1730,98 pa March 29, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa 33,21% kuchokera ku 1730,98 mfundo Marichi 29, omwe anali apamwamba kuposa omwe adachitika mu Novembala 2023 vuto la Nyanja Yofiira lisanachitike.wasintha mpaka +132.16%.
Pakati pawo, njira zopita ku South America ndi Europe zidakwera kwambiri.Mtengo wa katundu (zonyamula panyanja ndi zonyamula panyanja) zotumizidwa kuchokera ku doko la Shanghai kupita kumsika wapadoko ku South America ndi US$5,461/TEU (chotengera chokhala ndi kutalika kwa mapazi 20, chomwe chimatchedwanso TEU), chiwonjezeko cha 18.1% kuchokera m'mbuyomu. ndi 95.88% kuyambira kumapeto kwa Marichi.Mtengo wa katundu (zowonjezera ndi zotumizira) zotumizidwa kuchokera ku doko la Shanghai kupita kumsika woyambira ku Europe ndi US $ 2,869/TEU, kukwera kwakukulu kwa 24.7% kuyambira sabata yatha, kukwera kwa 43.88% kuchokera kumapeto kwa Marichi, komanso kuwonjezeka. ndi 305.8% kuyambira Novembala 2023.
Yemwe amayang'anira bizinesi yotumiza katundu wa kampani yapadziko lonse lapansi ya Yunqunar Logistics Technology Group (yomwe idatchedwa "Yunqunar") idatero poyankhulana ndi atolankhani kuti kuyambira kumapeto kwa Epulo chaka chino, zitha kuwoneka kuti kutumiza ku Latin. America, Europe, North America, ndi Mitengo yonyamula katundu ku Middle East, India ndi Pakistan yawonjezeka, ndipo kuwonjezeka kwadziwika kwambiri mu May.
Deta yotulutsidwa ndi Drewry, bungwe lofufuza ndi upangiri, pa Meyi 10 idawonetsanso kuti Drewry World Container Index (WCI) idakwera mpaka $ 3,159 / FEU (chotengera chokhala ndi kutalika kwa 40 mapazi) sabata ino (kuyambira Meyi 9), chomwe. zikugwirizana ndi 2022 Zinakwera ndi 81% poyerekeza ndi nthawi yomweyi chaka chatha ndipo zidakwera 122% kuposa kuchuluka kwapakati pa US $ 1,420/FEU mliri usanachitike mu 2019.
Posachedwa, makampani ambiri otumizira, kuphatikiza Mediterranean Shipping Company (MSC), Maersk, CMA CGM, ndi Hapag-Lloyd, alengeza zakukwera kwamitengo.Tengani CMA CGM mwachitsanzo.Kumapeto kwa Epulo, CMA CGM idalengeza kuti kuyambira pa Meyi 15, isintha miyezo yatsopano ya FAK (Freight All Kinds) panjira ya Asia-Northern Europe kukhala US$2,700/TEU ndi US$5,000/FEU.M'mbuyomu, adakwera ndi US $ 500 / TEU ndi US $ 1,000 / FEU;pa May 10, CMA CGM inalengeza kuti kuyambira pa June 1, ikweza mtengo wa FAK wa katundu wotumizidwa kuchokera ku Asia kupita ku madoko a Nordic.Muyezo watsopanowu ndi wokwera mpaka US$6,000/FEU.Apanso Kuwonjezeka ndi $1,000/FEU.
Ke Wensheng, CEO wa chimphona chapadziko lonse lapansi cha Maersk, adati pamsonkhano waposachedwa kuti kuchuluka kwa katundu panjira za ku Maersk ku Europe kwakwera ndi 9%, makamaka chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa omwe akuchokera ku Europe kuti awonjezerenso katundu.Komabe, vuto la malo ocheperako labukanso, ndipo onyamula katundu ambiri amayenera kulipira mitengo yokwera kuti apewe kuchedwa kwa katundu.
Ngakhale mitengo yotumizira ikukwera, mitengo ya sitima yapamtunda ya China-Europe ikukweranso.Wonyamula katundu yemwe amayang'anira masitima apamtunda a China-Europe adauza atolankhani kuti kufunikira kwapakali pano kwa sitima zapamtunda za China-Europe kwakwera kwambiri, ndipo mitengo yapaulendo pamizere ina yakwera ndi US $ 200-300, ndipo ikuyenera kukwera. tsogolo."Mtengo wa katundu wapanyanja wakwera, ndipo malo osungiramo katundu ndi nthawi yake sizingakwaniritse zofuna za makasitomala, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti katundu wina asamutsidwe kupita ku sitima zapamtunda.Komabe, mayendedwe a njanji ndi ochepa, ndipo kufunikira kwa malo otumizira kwawonjezeka kwambiri pakanthawi kochepa, zomwe zidzakhudzanso mitengo ya katundu.
Vuto la kuchepa kwa makontena abwerera
“Kaya ndi sitima kapena njanji, makontena akusowa.M’madera ena n’zosatheka kuyitanitsa mabokosi.Mtengo wobwereketsa makontena pamsika ndi wokulirapo kuposa kukwera kwamitengo yonyamula katundu.”Munthu m'makampani opanga zotengera ku Guangdong adauza atolankhani.
Mwachitsanzo, adanena kuti mtengo wogwiritsira ntchito 40HQ (40-foot-high chidebe) pa njira ya China-Europe inali US $ 500-600 chaka chatha, yomwe inakwera mpaka US $ 1,000-1,200 mu January chaka chino.Tsopano yakwera kupitirira US$1,500, ndipo yaposa US$2,000 m’madera ena.
Wotumiza katundu ku doko la Shanghai adauzanso atolankhani kuti mayadi ena akunja tsopano adzaza ndi makontena, ndipo ku China kuli kuchepa kwakukulu kwa makontena.Mtengo wamabokosi opanda kanthu ku Shanghai ndi Duisburg, Germany, wakwera kuchoka pa US $ 1,450 mu Marichi kufika pa US $ 1,900 pano.
Munthu yemwe amayang'anira bizinesi yotumizira yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa ya Yunqunar adati chifukwa chofunikira kwambiri chakukwera kwamitengo yobwereketsa zida ndikuti chifukwa cha nkhondo yapanyanja yofiyira, eni ake ambiri adapita ku Cape of Good Hope, komwe. zidapangitsa kuti chidebecho chikhale chotalikirapo kwa milungu 2-3 kuposa nthawi yokhazikika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matumba azikhala opanda kanthu.Liquidity imachedwetsa.
Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi wapadziko lonse lapansi (koyambirira mpaka pakati pa Meyi) wotulutsidwa ndi Dexun Logistics pa Meyi 9 udawonetsa kuti tchuthi cha Meyi Day chitatha, kuchuluka kwa zotengera zonse sikunayende bwino.Pali kuperewera kosiyanasiyana kwa makontena, makamaka makontena akulu ndi aatali, ndipo makampani ena otumizira zombo akupitiliza kulimbikitsa kuwongolera kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka makontena panjira zaku Latin America.Zotengera zatsopano zopangidwa ku China zasungidwa kumapeto kwa Juni.
Mu 2021, wokhudzidwa ndi mliri wa COVID-19, msika wamalonda wakunja "udatsika kenako udawuka", ndipo gulu lazinthu zapadziko lonse lapansi lidakumana ndi maiko osayembekezereka.Kubwereranso kwa makontena omwe amwazikana padziko lonse lapansi sikuli bwino, ndipo kugawidwa kwa makontena padziko lonse lapansi sikuli kofanana.Zotengera zambiri zopanda kanthu zatsekeredwa ku United States, Europe, Australia ndi madera ena, ndipo dziko langa likusowa zotengera zotumiza kunja.Chifukwa chake, makampani opanga chidebe ali odzaza ndi maoda ndipo ali ndi mphamvu zonse zopanga.Sizinafike kumapeto kwa 2021 pomwe kuchepa kwa mabokosi kudachepa pang'onopang'ono.
Ndikusintha kwa zotengera komanso kuyambiranso kwa magwiridwe antchito pamsika wapadziko lonse lapansi, panali zotsalira zotsalira zopanda kanthu pamsika wapanyumba kuyambira 2022 mpaka 2023, mpaka pomwe zidasowanso chaka chino.
Mitengo ya katundu ingapitirire kukwera
Ponena za zifukwa za kukwera kwakukulu kwaposachedwa kwa mitengo yonyamula katundu, munthu yemwe amayang'anira bizinesi yotumizira yomwe yatchulidwa pamwambapa ya YQN adasanthula kwa atolankhani kuti choyamba, United States idathetsa gawo lochotsa katundu ndikulowa mugawo lobwezeretsanso.Kuchulukirachulukira kwamayendedwe anjira yodutsa m'mphepete mwa nyanja ya Pacific kwayamba kuchepa pang'onopang'ono, zomwe zalimbikitsa kukwera kwa Freight.Chachiwiri, pofuna kupewa kusintha kwamitengo ndi United States, makampani omwe amapita kumsika waku US atengerapo mwayi msika waku Latin America, kuphatikiza makampani opanga magalimoto, makampani opanga zomangamanga, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo asintha njira zawo zopangira ku Latin America. , zomwe zinachititsa kuti anthu ambiri azifuna njira za ku Latin America.Makampani ambiri otumizira Maulendo opita ku Mexico adawonjezedwa kuti akwaniritse kufunika kowonjezereka.Chachitatu, momwe zinthu zilili pa Nyanja Yofiira zachititsa kuti pakhale kusowa kwa zinthu zopezeka ku Ulaya.Kuchokera kumalo otumizira mpaka kumakontena opanda kanthu, mitengo ya katundu ku Ulaya ikukweranso.Chachinayi, nyengo yachitukuko cha malonda a chikhalidwe cha mayiko ndi kale kuposa zaka zapitazo.Kawirikawiri June chaka chilichonse amalowa m'nyengo yogulitsa kunja kwa chilimwe, ndipo mitengo ya katundu imakwera moyenerera.Mitengo yonyamula katundu ya chaka chino yakwera mwezi umodzi m’mbuyomo kusiyana ndi zaka za m’mbuyomo, kutanthauza kuti chaka chino chiwongola dzanja chamtengo wapatali chafika msanga.
Zheshang Securities idatulutsa lipoti la kafukufuku pa Meyi 11 lotchedwa "Kodi mungawone bwanji kuchuluka kwaposachedwa kwamitengo yotumizira zinthu?"Inanenanso kuti mkangano womwe watenga nthawi yayitali mu Nyanja Yofiira wadzetsa mikangano yapaintaneti.Kumbali imodzi, kupotoza kwa zombo kwapangitsa kuti mtunda wa zombo uchuluke., Komano, kuchepa kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zombo zapamadzi kwadzetsa kuchulukira kwa zotengera pamadoko, zomwe zikukulitsa kusamvana kwa zombo.Kuphatikiza apo, malire ofunikira akuyenda bwino, kuchuluka kwachuma ku Europe ndi United States kukuyenda bwino pang'ono, ndipo kuphatikiza ndi ziyembekezo zakukwera kwamitengo yamitengo munyengo yokwera kwambiri, eni katundu akusungiratu.Kuphatikiza apo, mzere waku US walowa munthawi yovuta kusaina mapangano anthawi yayitali, ndipo makampani otumiza sitima ali ndi chilimbikitso chokweza mitengo.
Nthawi yomweyo, lipoti la kafukufukuyu likukhulupirira kuti mayendedwe okwera kwambiri komanso mgwirizano wamafakitale pamakampani otumiza zinthu zonyamula katundu wapanga mphamvu yokweza mitengo.Zheshang Securities adati makampani opanga zotengera zakunja amakhala ndi chidwi chachikulu.Pofika pa Meyi 10, 2024, makampani khumi apamwamba kwambiri onyamula zonyamula zida anali 84.2% ya kuchuluka kwamayendedwe.Kuphatikiza apo, mgwirizano wamakampani ndi mgwirizano wapangidwa pakati pamakampani.Kumbali ina, m'malo mowonongeka kwa malo ogulitsa ndi kufunikira, ndizothandiza kuchepetsa mpikisano woyipa wamitengo poyimitsa kuyenda panyanja ndikuwongolera kuchuluka kwamayendedwe.Kumbali inayi, pokhudzana ndi kuwongolera kwaubwenzi ndi zofunikila, zikuyembekezeka kukwaniritsa mitengo yokwera yonyamula katundu kudzera pakuwonjezeka kwamitengo.
Kuyambira Novembala 2023, gulu lankhondo la Yemen la Houthi laukira zombo zapanyanja yofiyira ndi madzi oyandikana nawo.Zimphona zambiri zapamadzi padziko lonse zasowa chochitira koma kuyimitsa kuyenda kwa zombo zawo zonyamula makontena mu Nyanja Yofiira ndi madzi oyandikana nawo ndikusintha njira zawo kuzungulira Cape of Good Hope mu Africa.Chaka chino, mkhalidwe wa Nyanja Yofiira ukukulirakulirabe, ndipo mitsempha yotumizira imatsekedwa, makamaka ku Asia-Europe yoperekera katundu, yomwe yakhudzidwa kwambiri.
Ponena za tsogolo la msika wotumizira zotengera, Dexun Logistics idati potengera momwe zinthu ziliri pano, mitengo yonyamula katundu ikhalabe yolimba posachedwapa, ndipo makampani onyamula katundu akukonzekera kale kuwonjezereka kwamitengo yonyamula katundu.
“Mitundu yonyamula katundu ipitilira kukwera mtsogolomu.Choyamba, nthawi yochuluka yogulitsa malonda kunja kwa dziko ikupitirirabe, ndipo Olimpiki idzachitikira ku Ulaya mu July chaka chino, zomwe zingakweze mitengo ya katundu;chachiwiri, destocking ku Ulaya ndi United States kwenikweni yatha, ndi malonda m'nyumba ku United States Komanso nthawi zonse kukweza ziyembekezo zake pa chitukuko cha dziko malonda malonda.Chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kufunikira komanso mphamvu zonyamula katundu, mitengo yonyamula katundu ikuyembekezeka kukwera pakanthawi kochepa, "atero gwero lomwe latchulidwa pamwambapa la Yunqunar.
Nthawi yotumiza: May-17-2024
